Today marks the birthdays of two people who profoundly influenced the course of economic affairs and business -- Adam Smith (1723-1790) and John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946).
Adam Smith was the proponent of The Invisible Hand, the cornerstone of "free market" economic theory. Let the markets take their course, said Adam Smith, and consumers and business will ultimately find the perfect levels of production, prices and satisfaction. Here's more info on Adam Smith and his theories.
John Maynard Keynes, on the other hand, was a strong proponent of government involvement and intervention in the economy. Spend public resources at deficit levels during times of economic stress, he said, and government will artificially stimulate spending, buying and production. Here's more info on Keynes and his theories.
The debate between the two camps represents one of the classic arguments of economic and business history. To this day, the debate rages on. And it's a curious fact of history that Smith and Keynes share the same birthday.